Forms a very simple printing can be found in China and Korea around the year 175 AD. Display an upside-down on the wood, and later bronze was created in this year. The tool is then spiked with ink and then placed on a piece of paper and gently rubbed with a bamboo stick.
Major breakthrough came in about 1440 by Johannes Gutenberg from the city of Mainz, Germany. Gutenberg created a method of casting pieces of letters on the alloy made from tin. These pieces can be pressed to the top of the page for printing berteks. Method of printing by Gutenberg's invention as a whole depends on several elements on technology combining several of East Asia such as paper, printing from wood blocks and printing may be transferred, Shen Bi creation, coupled with increased demand from European society for price reductions of books made of paper. This typing method lasted for about 500 years.
In the year 1424, Cambridge University library had only 122 books each have a value equivalent to a farm or vineyard. Demand for books is driven by rising literacy rates among the middle-class people and students in Western Europe. At that time, the Renaissance is still in early development and gradually eliminate the pastor kemonopolian the literacy rate.
At the time of printing of logs arrived in Europe at about the same time with the arrival of the paper, this method does not secocok methods used in the East for literary communication. Printing more matching blocks to China because of the position of writing letters is not critical, but the existence of more than 5,000 basic characters made the basic role of technology made Chinese printing technology that can move into inefficient and economically impractical, in terms of profits for Chinese publishers Ancient. This is different to the Latin alphabet, the need for precise alignment lines and a simple character who puts mold moveable as a remarkable progress for Western society.
The use of the printing press is a key difference that technology provides the advantage of European inventors their partners from China, which is based on the printing machine screws used in the production of wine and olive oil. This is a sophistication about the machine in the year 1000, a tool used to apply pressure on the flat field is a tool commonly used in Europe.
Printing as it developed in East Asia did not use the press as in the case of Gutenberg. Although the discovery of mold moveable in China and Korea before the Gutenberg printing press, the impact of the printing press and printed moveable in East Asia do not have such a big influence on Western European societies. This is probably because the number of workers involved in manipulating the thousands of very large porcelain tablets, or in Korea, metal tablets, which required the use of writing Chinese characters. However, hundreds of thousands of books, on subjects ranging from Confucian Classics to science and science, printed using the older technology of printing from wooden blocks, making the world's first printing culture.
The impact of the Gutenberg printing press in Europe is almost equal to the development of writing, the discovery of the alphabet or the Internet, to the effect on society. Like the writing does not replace talking, printing was never reached a position of total power. Handwritten manuscript continues produced, and various models of communication graphs continuously influence each other.
The printing press is also a founder of the set of factors that scientists simply telling their findings through the establishment of a scientific journal is widely disseminated. This helps them bring in the scientific revolution. Authorship became more meaningful and profitable because of the printing press. Suddenly it becomes important who is saying or writing anything, and what is the formulation and the appropriate arrangements. Does This allows the author to mention just a reference, which produces the rules, "One Author, one work (right), one piece of information" (Giesecke, 1989; 325). Previously, the author is not something that is important, since a copy of Aristotle made in Paris will not be identical to the original in Bologna. For many works prior to the printing press, the author's name as a whole lost.
Because the printing process ensures that the same information fell on the same page, the page is given a number, contents, and indices became common, although they had not previously known. The process of reading is also changed, gradually changing in a few centuries from oral measurements to a personal reading. The availability of large print materials also causes a drastic increase in adult literacy levels across Europe.
In the fifty or sixty years of the discovery of the printing press, all the classical rules are reprinted and distributed throughout Europe (Eisenstein, 1969; 52). Since more people have access to knowledge, both new and old, more people can discuss this work. Furthermore, since the production of the book is a more commercial companies law, the first copyright law passed to protect what is now called the rights of intellectual property. A second development was the popularization of knowledge of this decline in Latin as the language most published works, to be replaced by everyday language in their respective fields, add species published works. Paradoxically, in the printed word also helps to unify and standardize the spelling and syntax vernacular, and has the effect of reducing their diversity. An increase in the interest of national language against the people of Europe Latin mentioned as one reason for the increase of nationalism in Europe.
Print Machinery Gutenberg
Of Johannes Gutenberg printing press in the beginning around 1436 when he was working together with Andreas Dritzehan, someone who once guided by Gutenberg in stone cutting, and Andreas Heilmann, owner of paper mills. But the official record emerged only in 1439 when there was a lawsuit against the press; the witnesses who have talked about the Gutenberg printing, inventory metals (including lead), and mold ketikannya.
Communities in Europe at that time also is developing mold moveable, including goldsmith Procopius Waldfoghel from France and Laurens Janszoon Coster of the Netherlands. However, they are not known for having contributed specifically to the progress of the printing press.
Gutenberg was the first to create a mold from a mixture of lead, tin, and antimony are critical to produce durable prints that produces high-quality printed books, and proven to be more suitable for printing than the clay mold, wood or bronze, created in East Asia. This is a knowledge acquired at the time of Gutenberg's work for a professional goldsmith. To create a print of this interplay, Gutenberg uses something that makes discovery considered as the most ingenious invention, a special matrix allows the formation of new mold quickly and accurately than a uniform framework.
Gutenberg was also recognized for introducing the oil-based ink is more durable than water-based ink used once. For printing materials he uses a script that is made from animal skins and paper, the latter introduced in Europe from China by using the way the Arabs centuries ago.
In in his book, Gutenberg's printing press to make the experiment of color for some parts of the page, available only in some copies. New-new work, The Mainz Psalter issued in 1453, apparently designed by Gutenberg but was published in the issue of his successor, Johann Fust and Peter Schöffer, using the initial print of red and blue colored complex.
Life magazine considers Print Engine is the discovery of the most remarkable in the last 1000 years. It is important to realize that the alphabet may be the key to the success of the printing press.
source: wikipedia
