Correcting Colors in CMYK and RGB

Although you can perform all color and tonal corrections in RGB mode and most adjustments in CMYK mode, you should choose a mode carefully. Avoid multiple conversions between modes, because color values are rounded and lost with each conversion. RGB images to be used on‑screen do not need to be converted to CMYK mode. CMYK images that will be separated and printed, do not need to have color corrections made in RGB mode. If you must convert your image from one mode to another, perform most of your tonal and color corrections in RGB mode and use CMYK mode for fine-tuning. The advantages of working in RGB mode are:

• You can save memory and improve performance because there are fewer channels.
• RGB has a wider range of colors than CMYK, and more colors are likely to be preserved after adjustments.
• You can preview composite CMYK colors and separation plates using the CMYK working space in the Color Settings dialog box. Or, you can preview colors using a custom CMYK color profile.

note : You can edit an image in RGB mode in one window and view the same image in CMYK colors in another window. Choose Window > Arrange > New Window For (Filename) to open a second window. Select the Working CMYK option for Proof Setup, then choose the Proof Color command to turn on the CMYK preview in one of the windows.

Processing images with Camera Raw

1. Copy camera raw files to your hard disk, organize them, and (optionally) convert them to DNG. Before you do any work on the images that your camera raw files represent, you need to transfer them from the camera’s memory card, organize them, give them useful names rather than sequential numbers, and otherwise prepare them for use. Use the Get Photos From Camera command in Bridge to accomplish these tasks automatically. 2. Open the image files in Camera Raw. You can open camera raw files in Camera Raw from Bridge, After Effects, or Photoshop. You can also open JPEG and TIFF files in Camera Raw from Bridge. 3. Adjust color. Color adjustments include white balance, tone, and saturation. You can make most adjustments in the Basic tab, and then use controls in the other tabs to fine‑tune the results. If you want Camera Raw to analyze your image and apply its best guess regarding tonal adjustments, click Auto in the Basic tab. To apply the settings used for the previous image, or to apply the default settings for the camera model, camera, or ISO settings, choose the appropriate command from the Camera Raw Settings menu.
4. Make other adjustments and image corrections. Use other tools and controls in the Camera Raw dialog box to perform such tasks as sharpening the image, reducing noise, correcting for lens defects, and retouching. 5. (Optional) Save image settings as a preset or as default image settings. To apply the same adjustments to other images later, save the settings as a preset. If you want to save the adjustments as the defaults to be applied to all images from a specific camera model, a specific camera, or a specific ISO setting, save the image settings as the new Camera Raw defaults. 6. Set workflow options for Photoshop. Set options to specify the characteristics of images saved from Camera Raw and how Photoshop should open them. 7. Save the image, or open it in Photoshop or After Effects. When you finish adjusting the image in Camera Raw, you have four basic options: apply the adjustments to the camera raw file, open the adjusted image in another application, save the adjusted image to another format, or cancel and discard adjustments. If you open the Camera Raw dialog box from After Effects or Photoshop, the Save and Done buttons are unavailable. Save Applies the Camera Raw settings to the images and saves copies of them in JPEG, PSD, TIFF, or DNG format. Press Alt (Windows) or Option (Mac OS) to suppress the Camera Raw Save Options dialog box and save the files using the last set of save options. Open or OK Opens copies of the camera raw image files (with the Camera Raw settings applied) in Photoshop or After Effects. The original camera raw image file remains unaltered. Done Closes the Camera Raw dialog box and stores file settings either in the camera raw database file, in the sidecar XMP file, or in the DNG file. Cancel Cancels the adjustments specified in the Camera Raw dialog box.

Theory of Color

Color theory is a body of practical guidance to color mixing and the visual impacts of specific color combinations in the visual arts. Although color theory principles first appear in the writings of Leone Battista Alberti (c.1435) and the notebooks of Leonardo da Vinci (c.1490), a tradition of "colory theory" begins in the 18th century, initially within a partisan controversy around Isaac Newton's theory of color (Opticks, 1704) and the nature of so-called primary colors. From there it developed as an independent artistic tradition with only superficial reference to colorimetry and vision scien.

Color abstractions
The most important problem has been a confusion between the behavior of light mixtures, called additive color, and the behavior of paint or ink or dye or pigment mixtures, called subtractive color. This problem arises because the absorption of light by material substances follows different rules from the perception of light by the eye.
A second problem has been the failure to describe the very important effects of strong luminance (lightness) contrasts in the appearance of surface colors (such as paints or inks) as opposed to light colors; "colors" such as grays, browns or ochres cannot appear in light mixtures. Thus, a strong lightness contrast between a mid valued yellow paint and a surrounding bright white makes the yellow appear to be green or brown, while a strong brightness contrast between a rainbow and the surrounding sky makes the yellow in a rainbow appear to be a fainter yellow or white. A third problem has been the tendency to describe color effects holistically or categorically, for example as a contrast between "yellow" and "blue" conceived as generic colors, when most color effects are due to contrasts on three relative attributes that define all colors:

1. lightness (light vs. dark, or white vs. black),

2. saturation (intense vs. dull), and

3. hue (e.g., red, yellow, green, blue or purple).

Thus, the visual impact of "yellow" vs. "blue" hues in visual design depends on the relative lightness and intensity of the hues. These confusions are partly historical, and arose in scientific uncertainty about color perception that was not resolved until the late 19th century, when the artistic notions were already entrenched. However they also arise from the attempt to describe the highly contextual and flexible behavior of color perception in terms of abstract color sensations that can be generated equivalently by any visual media. Many historical “color theorists” have assumed that three “pure” primary colors can mix all possible colors, and that any failure of specific paints or inks to match this ideal performance is due to the impurity or imperfection of the colorants. In reality, only imaginary “primary colors” used in colorimetry can "mix" or quantify all visible (perceptually possible) colors; but to do this the colors are defined as lying outside the range of visible colors: they cannot be seen. Any three real “primary” colors of light, paint or ink can mix only a limited range of colors, called a gamut, which is always smaller (contains fewer colors) than the full range of colors humans can perceive.

The RYB primary colors became the foundation of 18th century theories of color vision, as the fundamental sensory qualities that are blended in the perception of all physical colors and equally in the physical mixture of pigments or dyes. These theories were enhanced by 18th-century investigations of a variety of purely psychological color effects, in particular the contrast between "complementary" or opposing hues that are produced by color afterimages and in the contrasting shadows in colored light. These ideas and many personal color observations were summarized in two founding documents in color theory: the Theory of Colours (1810) by the German poet and government minister Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, and The Law of Simultaneous Color Contrast (1839) by the French industrial chemist Michel Eugène Chevreul.

Subsequently, German and English scientists established in the late 19th century that color perception is best described in terms of a different set of primary colors—red, green and blue violet (RGB) -- modeled through the additive mixture of three monochromatic lights. Subsequent research anchored these primary colors in the differing responses to light by three types of color receptors or cones in the retina (trichromacy). On this basis the quantitative description of color mixture or colorimetry developed in the early 20th century, along with a series of increasingly sophisticated models of color space and color perception, such as the opponent process theory.

Across the same period, industrial chemistry radically expanded the color range of lightfast synthetic pigments, allowing for substantially improved saturation in color mixtures of dyes, paints and inks. It also created the dyes and chemical processes necessary for color photography. As a result three-color printing became aesthetically and economically feasible in mass printed media, and the artists' color theory was adapted to primary colors most effective in inks or photographic dyes: cyan, magenta, and yellow (CMY). (In printing, dark colors are supplemented by a black ink, known as the CMYK system; in both printing and photography, white is provided by the color of the paper.) These CMY primary colors were reconciled with the RGB primaries, and subtractive color mixing with additive color mixing, by defining the CMY primaries as substances that absorbed only one of the retinal primary colors: cyan absorbs only red (-R+G+B), magenta only green (+R-G+B), and yellow only blue violet (+R+G-B). It is important to add that the CMYK, or process, color printing is meant as an economical way of producing a wide range of colors for printing, but is deficient in reproducing certain colors, notably orange and slightly deficient in reproducing purples. A wider range of color can be obtained with the addition of other colors to the printing process, such as in Pantone's Hexachrome printing ink system (six colors), among others.

For much of the 19th century artistic color theory either lagged behind scientific understanding or was augmented by science books written for the lay public, in particular Modern Chromatics (1879) by the American physicist Ogden Rood, and early color atlases developed by Albert Munsell (Munsell Book of Color, 1915, see Munsell color system) and Wilhelm Ostwald (Color Atlas, 1919). Major advances were made in the early 20th century by artists teaching or associated with the German Bauhaus, in particular Wassily Kandinsky, Johannes Itten, Faber Birren and Josef Albers, whose writings mix speculation with an empirical or demonstration-based study of color design principles.

Type font

FILE™ free font

Here one of the example fonts that I get from fontfabric.com always produce typefaces with contemporary looks. Introducing the new released typeface by fontfabric.com. This typeface is good for any type of graphic design.

Type Font

Type font Titillium is a high quality sans serif typeface. It comes with various font-weight in a set. There is also available Titillium extra-black version to download for free.

Design Website Template

Appearance design (design template) that both can give positive impact for business or personal website & all activities. Realize the potential of your website with the best design. At some sites many available templates for the website but I think a good and qualified in idebagus.com. I often browse to find the template for the website as reference material but finally I found only in the designnya idebagus.com good and the quality was. Because at this website many design templates to provide quality and user friendly ready to use for a website design. Design templates are available in various categories according to the needs of your website. All the templates in the form of files. PSD,. HTML & other materials such as drawings or photographs.

Mac vs. PC

One of the most common ongoing debates in the computer world is "Mac vs. PC." Macs, produced by Apple, have often been used in the design world, with the PC (running the Windows operating system) dominating most of the business world. When looking at the two for graphic design work, the focus is on the handling of graphics, color, and type, the availability of software, and overall ease of use.

Graphics, Color and Type
The handling of graphics, color and type is a significant portion of a graphic designer’s job. Because of Apple’s long history of being the “designer’s computer,” they have focused on improving their handling of colors and fonts, especially when going from screen and file to print. If you had to choose between a Mac and a PC on this factor alone, Apple has the edge. However, the same results can be achieved on a PC. For web design, neither wins out, though be sure to have access to both operating systems to test your sites across all platforms.

Mac vs. PC Software
As far as graphic design is concerned, there is no significant difference in the software available for the Mac or PC. All of the major applications, including the Adobe Creative Suite, are developed for both platforms. Because the Mac is often considered the designer’s computer, there are some handy tools and applications that are Mac-only. Overall, there is more software available for the PC, especially if you are focused on a particular industry, gaming or 3-D renderings (such as for architecture).

Ease of Use
Apple has clearly focused their operating system on ease of use, introducing new features with each release that improve the user experience. Their integration from application to application enables a clean workflow. While this is most apparent in their consumer applications such as iPhoto and iMovie, it continues through to professional tools and third-party products. While Microsoft has improved the user experience in the Windows operating system, I would give the edge to Apple on ease of use.

Mac vs. PC Conclusion
Generally, “Macs” are mentioned in the same sentence as “graphic design,” and rightfully so for their excellent graphics and font capabilities, and ease of use. The drawback of the Apple used to be the price, but if you do want a Mac and are tight on budget consider the “consumer” level iMac, which is powerful enough for graphic design tasks, or a refurbished model. In the end, especially when starting out, you will probably do just as well with a PC. With some smart shopping you can get a powerful one for less money than a Mac, and you will be using the same design software… your creativity, and not the cost of your computer, will determine the outcome of your work.

source : graphicdesign.about.com

Color Psychology of Common Colors

Color is a magical element that gives feeling and emotion to art, design, and advertising. By understanding color meaning, (or the psychology of color) you can choose the right color to support and emphasize your design.

A dominant color or overall color scheme can determine the tone of your document. Certain colors will help your product, corporate document, or advertisement attract specific audiences and evoke desired responses.
The information below provides generally accepted guidelines on the symbolic meanings of color and how you can use color more effectively in your marketing pieces.

The meaning of the color yellow (including coral, orange, amber, gold)
Symbolizes: Energy, caution, warmth, cheer, joy
Yellows are often associated with the following characteristics: homey, friendly, soft, welcoming, moving, excitement, or adventure. Good for press kits, stationery, and shopping bags. Use yellow for signage in work situations warning of danger. Yellow is also good for any project that needs to evoke feelings of lightheartedness, humor, or friendliness.

The meaning of the color red (including mauve, magenta, crimson, scarlet, poster red)
Symbolizes: Power, romance, vitality, earthly, energy
Reds evoke highly charged emotions such as aggression, danger, or love. Red makes us pay attention and catches our eye immediately so use reds on items that need to grab attention. In the financial arena, red symbolizes a negative direction.

The meaning of the color green (including lime, leaf green, sea green, emerald, teal, sage)
Symbolizes: life, foliage, grass, trees, water
Greens are sensuous and alive. Green is associated with the following characteristics: friendliness, dependability, freshness, non-threatening, safe, secure, healthy, strong, expensive, and primitive. In the business world, green symbolizes growth and prosperity.

The meaning of the color blue and purple (including sky blue, ultramarine, violet, purple, azure)
Symbolizes: Peace, law and order, logic, analytical, intelligent, honest, calm, clean, good will, tranquility, compassionate, serious, thoughtful, quiet, reflective, regal, classic, dependable, trustworthiness, tradition, magical
Blues are often used for older, more mature audiences and situations. Blue is common in financial institutions, hospitals, and legal and medical professions. Purples have long been associated with royalty, magic and power Purples are often used with feminine, rather than masculine designs

sumber : macgraphics.net

5 Easy Brochure Design Tips That Work

All of us would like to think our product is so good, our services so unique, they’ll simply sell themselves. Not so! Strong branding, powerful images, compelling web pages and outstanding marketing pieces make or break that upward sales curve you crave so urgently. In today’s market, your customers and clients are influenced more than ever by the visual presentation of your marketing pieces.

For example, a powerful brochure design will more likely to be read, remembered and respected. Here are five simple, but essential tricks of the designer's trade that you can use immediately, at little cost, to improve your brochure design.

1. Take advantage of quality clip art and stock photos
Chances are you’re not an illustrator or photographer, but that shouldn’t stop you from using professional illustrations or photos in your marketing piece. You can use clip art—sometimes at a very low price—to enhance your layout. Check out the Internet for sites that feature clip art or stock photo libraries that provide a wide variety of quality and prices to choose from. Use the same style of graphics throughout your brochure design to create a consistent look.

2. Jazz up your layout so your most important points stand out
Break up monotonous lines of text with attractive “pull quotes” or “call-outs,” which make critical information stand out on the page. To create a pull quote, just copy a provocative or challenging statement from your text and paste it into a different position on the page using large, contrasting type. Add decorative quotation marks, border it with lines, or place it inside a box to jazz it up.

3. Repeat certain elements
Good design calls for repeating certain elements throughout your piece to make the whole piece come together visually. For example, use the same color, shape, and size for all your bullets. Also make all your headers the same size, color, and font. Repeat specific graphic elements such as boxes, banners, and rule lines throughout the piece. A word of caution: When you review your work, make sure you’ve used all of these design elements consistently.

4. Pay attention to proximity
Proximity refers to the exact spatial relationships between elements. For example, you create visual relationships between photos and their captions by keeping the captions close to the photos. For subheads, a pro positions them closer to the text below than the text above. Apply this principle of exact spatial relationship to all other graphic and text elements where appropriate. When you review your work, make sure you’ve applied this spacing consistently throughout.

5. Know when to use serif and sans serif fonts
In general, when you have a large amount of text, it is best to use a serif font because it is easier to read than a sans serif font. Serifs are the tiny horizontal strokes attached to the letters which help the reader’s eyes flow from letter to letter. Bold sans serif (without serifs) are good for headlines and subheads because they slow the reader down thus bringing more attention to each word or concept. Some examples of serif fonts that are good for body copy are: Times, New Century Schoolbook, Garamond and Goudy. Some examples of sans serif fonts that are good for headlines are: Arial Bold, Helvetica Black, Univers Bold and Trade Gothic.

sumber : macgraphics.net

What are the reasons behind a slow computer performance?

In today's world, one and all need to get things done in a quicker and well-organized manner than before. Time is always of the spirit and unreasonable deadlines are common event for a lot of people. With that, everyone would always desire their tools and equipment to be consistent and work at the peak level possible, particularly when it comes to computers. It can be said that these complicated machines are the most important and most powerful tool at your retention. A computer system can do thousands of calculations for you; you can create magnificent presentations as well as document anything with a computer system. Today almost any profession relies on this machine. So when it comes to a slow pc, people often get aggravated and want a solution right way to fix their computer problem.

A computer can slow down for an array of reasons. One is that your computer system can be overheating which means you need to purchase better ventilation for your hard drive. It could also signify that there is something wrong with your hardware such as crossed wires which can construct great amount of heat.

Another common reason for a computer to become slower is due to lack of Random Access Memory. To fix this problem, you can simply upgrade your RAM to higher specifications. Other common problems that can slow down your computer involve automatically running programs and too much programs in your computer tray, which is the bar at the lower right hand corner of the screen. To remove some of these programs you can use windows customize or if you're using another operating system, try to check the settings and stop automatic running programs that your computer doesn't need.

To finish, a very common happening of computers slowing down is because of the computer's registry being full or unorganized. A registry is a place where your operating system saves information about certain details of your computer, hardware settings and other important files that keep your machine running. Eventually after a while this can become a complete mess. At the same time, contracting spywares and malicious programs can also clutter up your registry.

These are some of the most common computer problems that can affect your computing speed and performance. There are also other procedures that can reduce its performance which is why you should always be ready and take care of your computer system and if possible have a computer support professionals by your side.

sumber : articlesbase.com

Texture in Graphic Design

Texture can refer to the actual surface of a design or to the visual appearance of a design. In the first case, the audience can actually feel the texture, making it unique from the other elements of design. Selection of paper and materials in package design can affect actual texture. In the second case, texture is implied through the style of design. Rich, layered graphics can create visual texture that mirrors actual texture.

While most elements of design such as color and type are simply seen by the audience, people can actually feel texture. The most common instance of this is with paper. The feel and weight of paper can significantly impact the perception of a design, making the designer’s selection a crucial decision. Business cards or brochures on a heavy weight paper may be seen as more professional than those on a lighter weight. A promotional piece on newsprint may cost less, but also bring about a desired feel of a grassroots campaign. Budget comes into play here as high quality paper can greatly increase the cost of a project, so it is important to find the balance between cost and the image you are trying to achieve.

Texture is also a key element in packaging. The feel and weight of the metal, plastic, glass and other materials that make up packages affect the consumer’s opinion of a product.

Visual Texture

Texture can also be simulated through the style of a design. Layers of text, shapes and lines can bring about the feeling of texture on a page or on screen. Photography, illustration, and fine art combined with graphic elements can also help to achieve the appearance of texture. Commonly, photographs of an actual surface such as paper are used as backgrounds in a design. Modern design software such as Photoshop makes experimenting with layers and visual texture easy.

source : graphicdesign.about.com

Prepare for Service Bureau

When we want to bring our work files if you have not finished (the extension CDR) to be brought to another computer especially if there is a lot of text (many characters) that we may do is mengconvertnya into a curve (ctrl + q) but with the risk letter / fonts in this case it's the text we can not change the type of thing we usually do is to copy the letter (font) but sorting (search) type font may need some time for different file name with the font name appears in corel application. An easier way is to use the facilities provided in the CorelDraw prepare for service bureau
1. prepare for service bureau">Click on a file ===> prepare for service bureau




2. New window will pop up looks like this

">and then press next>

3. Then came the window like this



Check Copy Fonts (default) all the fonts in the file will be including a copy automatically and press next

4. If you want to generate PDF files generated check in the PDF files but if not leave blank and press next



5. After that came a new window


click browse to select where to store your files with all of its existing fonts in your file, wait until the process is complete then click next.

6. A confirmation window will appear last of fonts contained in a file and along with your file name, then click finish



Now you can see the location where you save the file and all fonts that have been, in this case will automatically create a folder that is usually the name of the folder with the name of the file we found a file name and its fonts.

Color (Print) CMYK

Cyan Magenta Yellow, Key (Black), or often abbreviated as CMYK is the process of mixing pigments commonly used printing. Process Cyan Ink, Process Cyan, Process Yellow, Black mixed with the process of composition and color accuracy to produce exactly as desired. Even if some time is required, this color (CMYK) can easily be reshaped. CMYK color system is also used by many printers because of the economic underclass. This model, either in part or whole, are usually imposed in the picture with white background color (this color is selected, because he can absorb a certain length of the light structure). Such a model is often known as the "subtractive", because the colors to reduce color of white light.

In another model of "color additive", as well as RGB (Red, Green, Blue), white color to the color combination of additional primary colors, while the black color may occur without any light. In the CMYK model, the opposite applies: the white color becomes natural color of the paper or a background color, whereas black is the color combination of primary colors. To save money to buy the ink, and color to produce a darker black, was made a special black color replaces the combination of Cyan, Magenta and Yellow.

There are terms in Photoshop Gamut Warning, Gamut is a term for the area that could be covered by a particular color system. The term is out of gamut colors that can not be represented by the proportion of the basic colors you want to use the system. Problems out of gamut often occurs in the conversion of CMYK colors with RGB colors. Although designed to provide accurate color, the color region formed by the CMYK color system sometimes is not as wide as RGB color range. For example RGB primary color red is out of gamut of the CMYK color system. Many ways have been sought to pursue this difference, for example by using color lab system.

source: wikipedia

How to Clean Your Computer Registry - RegistryFix Cleaner and Optimizer Review

As an avid computer user and former PC tech I can not stress the importance of keeping a clean registry. A clean registry literally is the difference between life and death of your computer. Having a clean registry means your computer will run faster and smoother. This will also keep those dreaded error messages and computer crashes from happening. The best way to keep your computer up and running is to clean your registry on a regular basis. I clean mine every couple months, doing this will prevent problems from occurring. The problem with cleaning your computer registry is it's often very complicated and can be a risky process to undertake. One takes the risk of damaging files which are vital to the proper functioning of the pc. While I prefer to manually clean mine I do realize the average lay person may not know how so, I sat out to find a good registry cleaner

. I looked at some from Norton and other big name companies but I found the best one to date is called RegistryFix cleaner and optimizer.. When looking for a good registry cleaner I searched for a program with an easy to use interface, inexpensive and prompt technical support. RegistryFix Cleaner and Optimizer provides a simple to use interface while quickly cleaning the registry. What I liked even more is they provided a free registry scan before I purchased the product. This feature is especially good because if your registry does not need cleaning then your money will not be wasted. What I also liked about Registryfix is the professionalism and promptness in their technical support department. One should always investigate this before committing to buy a product. I contacted them with a rather complex question and they had my question answered within 24 hours via email. The solution they game me was in very easy to understand terms and was very in-depth. They also followed prompty to follow up questions and I was even able to reach support via telephone. I will be honest the person I spoke with on the phone was a little hard to understand but did succeed in answering my inquiries. I prefer their email support option due to the fact the answer is in writing which I can refer back to at any time.. RegistryFix cleaner and optimizer's price was also much more affordable than anything else currently on the market and equally important the great customer support and money back guarantee. Registryfix cleaner and optimizer's support staff goes the extra mile to make sure their customers are 100% satisfied. They are genuinely interested in any type of product feeder back consumers have regarding their product. Ease of use, inexpensive price and high performance lends way to RegisteryFix Cleaner and Optimizer getting a solid 9 out of 10. The only reason I did not rate this product higher is because as a PC tech I hoped for some more advanced features, but for the price it's a great bargain.

sumber :articlesbase.com

Definition of Graphic Design

Graphic design is a form of visual communication using images to convey information or messages as effectively as possible. In graphic design, text, images are also considered as an abstraction of symbols that can be sounded. Graphic design is applied in communication design and fine art. Like other types of design, graphic design can refer to the process of manufacturing, design methods, the product (design), or any discipline that is used (design). Graphic design art include cognitive abilities and visual skills, including typography, illustration, photography, image processing, and layout.

Graphic design was originally applied to static media, such as books, magazines, and brochures. In addition, in line with the times, graphic design is also applied in the electronic media, which are often referred to as interactive design or multimedia design. One-dimensional boundary has changed over the development of thinking about design. Graphic design can be applied to a design environment that includes the processing space.

Elements in graphic design as basic elements in other design disciplines. These elements (including shape, shape (form), texture, line, space, and color) form the basic principles of visual design. These principles, such as the balance (balance), rhythm (rhythm), stress (emphasis), the proportion ( "proportion") and unity (unity), then form a structural aspect of a larger composition.

source: wikipedia

History of Typography

Typography is a science in selecting and arranging the letters with their distribution arrangements in the spaces available, to create a certain impression, which can help the reader to get the maximum reading comfort. Typography art is also known, namely the work or design that uses the letters settings as the main element. In the art of typography, understanding the letter as a symbol of the sound can be ignored.

Historical development starting from the use of typography pictograph. This form of language, among others used by the Norwegian Vikings and Sioux Indian. Developed in Egypt Hieratia typeface, known as the hieroglyphs in 1300 about the seventh century BC. Typographic forms is at the root of Demotia forms, which were written using a special pen. Typographic forms is finally growing up in Crete, and then spread to Greece and eventually spread throughout Europe. Peak development of typography, occurred about 8 century BC in Rome as the Romans began to establish his authority. Because the Romans did not have their own writing system, they learn the Etruscan writing system which is a native of Italy and perfected in order to establish Roman letters. We have developed typefaces from the phase of creation with his hands up to having computerized. Phase computerization makes use of typography becomes easier and in a faster time with a choice of hundreds of letters.

Mostly the letters are classified into:

Roman, with the characteristics of a fin / foot / pointy shaped serifs on the ends. The impression created is classic, elegant, graceful and feminine.

Egyptian, with the characteristics of the foot / fin / square serifs like a board with a thickness equal or nearly equal. The impression created is sturdy, strong, sturdy and stable.

Sans Serif, with the features without fins / serif, and has a thickness the same letter or almost the same. The impression created by the letter of this type is a modern, contemporary and efficient.

Script, is a scratch done hand with pen, brush or pencil sharp and usually skewed to the right. The resulting impression is a personal and intimate sifast.

Miscellaneous, is the development of the forms that already exist. Plus decorations and ornaments, or decorative lines. Owned impression is decorative and ornamental.


Legibility is the ease of recognizing the eyes can be made without working too hard. This can be determined by:

1. Character design complexity, such as the use of serifs, the contrast of stroke, etc..

2. Use color

3. Frequency of observers to see the letter dlm daily life

Readability is the comfort level of a structure when reading the letter, which is influenced by:

1. Typeface

2. Size

3. Settings, including flow, spacing, kerning, alignment, etc..

4. Color contrast against the background


source: wikipedia

Color management system

There is no device in a publishing system that can translate a variety of colors are viewed accurately with the human eye. Each device operates in a particular color space that can produce a range, or overall color.

Color model to determine the relationship between values and the absolute color space defines the meaning of those values as colors. Some color models (such as the CIE L * a * b) still has a color space, their space was directly related to how humans see color. This model will be explained as a standalone device. Other color models (RGB, HSL, HSB, CMYK, etc.) can have different color spaces. Because the model is different from the color of each space-related or device, they are depicted as color depends on the device.

As a result of differences in color space, there was a shift in the view your documents on different devices. Color variations can result from differences in the source image; how to set the color of software applications, print media (any type of paper affect the type of print), and other variations.

What is the color management system?
Problem color matching with the results of the various software and use the color space. One solution is to have a system that interprets and translates color accurately between devices. Color management system (Color Management System / CMS) with the color space has been created with the same color space where color will be printed, and make the necessary adjustments to represent the colors to be consistent on different devices.

Color management system translates colors with the color profile support. Color profile is a mathematical description of the device color space. For example, scanner profile tells the color of your management system scanner to "see" color. Adobe color management using ICC Profile, the format specified by the International Color Consortium (ICC) as a cross-platform standards.

Since no single color translation method is ideal for all types of images, color management system provides a choice of rendering intents, translation or method, so you can apply the appropriate method for a particular graphic element. For example, the color translation method that preserves the right in the relationship between color photos of wildlife that can change the color.

Note: Do not confuse color management with color correction. Color management system will not properly stored images with tonal or color balance problems. This provides an environment where you can evaluate images reliably in the context of your final results.

Do you need color management?
Without color management system, could be your color specifications are dependent on the device. You may not need color management if the production process is tightly controlled for one medium only. For example, you or your print service provider can customize the image CMYK color and determine the value to be known, in this particular set of printing conditions.

Color management value increases when you have more variables in the production process. Color management is recommended if you anticipate re-using color graphics for print and online media, using various types of devices in a single medium (such as printing), or if you manage multiple workstations.

You will benefit from a color management system if you need to complete one of the following: Get a predictable and consistent color output in several output devices including color separations, desktop printers, and your monitor. Color management is very useful to adjust the color with a relatively limited devices overall, such as four-color printing process.

Perform Proof Color (first) a document on your monitor's color by doing it simulates a particular output device.

Evaluate accurately and consistently to incorporate color graphics from different sources if they also use management. Send documents to a variety of colors and media devices without having to manually adjust the colors in the original document or graphic. This is especially useful when creating an image that will ultimately be used both in print and online. Print color correctly to the color of an unknown device, for example, you can store documents online to be duplicated consistently color-demand anywhere in the world.

Source: Adobe Photoshop CS3 Tutorial